Table of Contents
teste, teste
From World Housing Encyclopedia
attachment: desktop.rar
1. General Information
Report:
Building Type: teste
Country: teste
Author(s): cuidado
Last Updated:
Regions Where Found:
Summary:
Length of time practiced: Less than 25 years
Still Practiced:
In practice as of:
Building Occupancy: Single dwelling, Multi-unit, unknown type
Typical number of stories:
Terrain-Flat: Typically
Terrain-Sloped: Typically
Comments:
2. Features
Plan Shape: Unknown plan shape
Additional comments on plan shape:
Typical plan length (meters):
Typical plan width (meters):
Typical story height (meters):
Type of Structural System: Masonry: Stone Masonry Walls: Massive Stone masonry (in lime/cement mortar)
Additional comments on structural system:
Gravity load-bearing & lateral load-resisting systems:
Typical wall densities: 0-1%, 0-1%
Additional comments on typical wall densities:
Wall Openings:
Is it typical for buildings of this type to have common walls with adjacent buildings? no
Modifications of buildings:
Type of Foundation: Shallow Foundation:Rubble stone, fieldstone isolated footing
Additional comments on foundation:
Type of Floor System: No elevated or suspended foor system (single-story building), Masonry floor, unknown
Additional comments on floor system:
Type of Roof System: Vaulted masonry roof
Additional comments on roof system:
Type of infill wall material:
Additional comments section 2:
3. Buildings Process
Description of Building Materials
| Structural Element | Building Material (s) | Comment (s) |
|---|---|---|
| Wall/Frame | ||
| Foundations | ||
| Floors | ||
| Roof | ||
| Other |
Design Process
Who is involved in the design process? Technologist
Roles of those involved in the design process:
Expertise of those involved in the design:
Construction Process
Who typically builds this construction type?: Contractor
Roles of those involved in the building process:
Expertise of those involved in building process:
Construction process and phasing:
Construction issues:
Building Codes and Standards
Is this construction type address by codes/standards? no
Applicable codes or standards:
Process for building code enforcement:
Building Permits and Development Control Rules
Are building permits required? no
Is this typically informal construction? no
Is this construction typically authorized as per development control rules? no
Additional comments on building permits and development control rules:
Building Maintenance and Condition
Typical problems associated with this type of construction:
Who typically maintains buildings of this type? Renter(s)
Additional comments on maintenance and building condition:
Construction Economics
Unit construction cost:
Labor requirements:
Additional comments section 3:
4. Socio-Economic Issues
Patterns of occupancy:
Number of inhabitants in a typical building of this construction type during the day: >20
Number of inhabitants in a typical building of this construction type during the evening/night: 10-20
Additional comments on number of inhabitants:
Economic level of inhabitants: Middle-income class, Hight-income class (rich)
Additional comments on economic level of inhabitants:
Typical Source of Financing: Commercial banks/mortagages, Investment pools
Additional comments on financing:
Type of Ownership: Own with debt (mortgage or other), Units owned individually (condominium), Owned by group or pool
Additional comments on ownership:
Is earthquake insurance for this construction type typically available? no
What does earthquake insurance typically cover/cost:
Are premium discounts or higher coverages available for seismically strengthened buildings or new buildings built to incorporate seismically resistant features? @@Are premium discounts or higher coverages available for seismically strengthened buildings or new buildings built to incorporate seismically resistant features?@@
Additional comments on premium discounts:
Additional comments section 4:
5. Earthquakes
Past Earthquakes in the country which affected buildings of this type
| Year | Earthquake Epicenter | Richter Magnitude | Maximum Intensity |
|---|---|---|---|
Past Earthquakes
Damage patterns observed in past earthquakes for this construction type:
Additional comments on earthquake damage patterns:
Structural and Architectural Features for Seismic Resistance
The main reference publication used in developing the statements used in this table is FEMA 310 “Handbook for the Seismic Evaluation of Buildings-A Pre-standard”, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C., 1998.
The total width of door and window openings in a wall is: For brick masonry construction in cement mortar : less than ½ of the distance between the adjacent cross walls; For adobe masonry, stone masonry and brick masonry in mud mortar: less than 1/3 of the distance between the adjacent cross walls; For precast concrete wall structures: less than 3/4 of the length of a perimeter wall.
| Structural/Architectural Feature | Statement | Seismic Resistance |
|---|---|---|
| Lateral load path | The structure contains a complete load path for seismic force effects from any horizontal direction that serves to transfer inertial forces from the building to the foundation. | TRUE |
| Building Configuration-Vertical | The building is regular with regards to the elevation. (Specify in 5.4.1) | TRUE |
| Building Configuration-Horizontal | The building is regular with regards to the plan. (Specify in 5.4.2) | TRUE |
| Roof Construction | The roof diaphragm is considered to be rigid and it is expected that the roof structure will maintain its integrity, i.e. shape and form, during an earthquake of intensity expected in this area. | TRUE |
| Floor Construction | The floor diaphragm(s) are considered to be rigid and it is expected that the floor structure(s) will maintain its integrity during an earthquake of intensity expected in this area. | TRUE |
| Foundation Performance | There is no evidence of excessive foundation movement (e.g. settlement) that would affect the integrity or performance of the structure in an earthquake. | TRUE |
| Wall and Frame Structures-Redundancy | The number of lines of walls or frames in each principal direction is greater than or equal to 2. | TRUE |
| Wall Proportions | Height-to-thickness ratio of the shear walls at each floor level is: Less than 25 (concrete walls); Less than 30 (reinforced masonry walls); Less than 13 (unreinforced masonry walls); | TRUE |
| Foundation-Wall Connection | Vertical load-bearing elements (columns, walls) are attached to the foundations; concrete columns and walls are doweled into the foundation. | TRUE |
| Wall-Roof Connections | Exterior walls are anchored for out-of-plane seismic effects at each diaphragm level with metal anchors or straps. | TRUE |
| Wall Openings | TRUE | |
| Quality of Building Materials | Quality of building materials is considered to be adequate per the requirements of national codes and standards (an estimate). | TRUE |
| Quality of Workmanship | Quality of workmanship (based on visual inspection of a few typical buildings) is considered to be good (per local construction standards). | TRUE |
| Maintenance | Buildings of this type are generally well maintained and there are no visible signs of deterioration of building elements (concrete, steel, timber). | TRUE |
Additional comments on structural and architectural features for seismic resistance:
Building Irregularities
Vertical irregularities typically found in this construction type: Re-entrant corner
Horizontal irregularities typically found in this construction type: Cripple wall
Seismic deficiency in walls:
Earthquake-resilient features in walls:
Seismic deficiency in frames:
Earthquake-resilient features in frame:
Seismic deficiency in roof and floors:
Earthquake resilient features in roof and floors:
Seismic deficiency in foundation:
Earthquake-resilient features in foundation: @@Earthquake –Resilient Features in Foundation (Describe positive structural features that contribute to the good seismic performance)@@
Seismic deficiency in other:
Earthquake-resilient features in foundation:
Seismic Vulnerability Rating
For information about how seismic vulnerability ratings were selected see the Seismic Vulnerability Guidelines
| High vulnerabilty | Medium vulnerability | Low vulnerability | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| Seismic vulnerability class | l- | l- | l- | l- | l- | l- |
Additional comments:
Additional comments section 5:
6. Retrofit Information
Description of Seismic Strengthening Provisions
| Structural Deficiency | Seismic Strengthening |
|---|---|
Additional comments on seismic strengthening provisions:
Has seismic strengthening described in the above table been performed?
Was the work done as a mitigation effort on an undamaged building or as a repair following earthquake damages?
Was the construction inspected in the same manner as new construction?
Who performed the construction: a contractor or owner/user? Was an architect or engineer involved?
What has been the performance of retrofitted buildings of this type in subsequent earthquakes?
Additional comments section 6: @@Additional Comments on Section 6@@
7. References
Authors
| Name | Title | Affiliation | Location | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Reviewers
| Name | Title | Affiliation | Location | |
|---|---|---|---|---|